Required corrections and Retractions

a) Required Corrections: When issues arise with published works on the journal's website requiring corrections, it is imperative for the editor to promptly inform the publisher and provide a detailed account of the situation. This proactive communication ensures that the publisher is fully aware of any concerns regarding the published content. By furnishing comprehensive explanations, including the nature of the problem, its potential impact, and proposed remedies, the editor facilitates collaborative assessment by the publisher's team. This may entail discussions on error rectification strategies, issuance of corrections, or consideration of editorial expressions of concern. Through transparent and cooperative efforts, the editor and publisher endeavor to preserve the integrity and credibility of the published material while upholding the highest standards of scholarly communication.

b) Retractions: Articles may be retracted for various reasons, including unintentional errors acknowledged by the authors (such as sample mixing errors or faulty scientific tools), research misconduct like data fabrication, duplicate or overlapping publication, fraudulent data manipulation, clear instances of plagiarism, and unethical research practices. Retraction notices explicitly state the reason for retraction and identify the initiating party. The retracted article remains accessible on the journal's website, distinctly marked as retracted, including the PDF version, with a link to the retraction notice. Retractions are typically initiated either at the authors' request or by the publisher following an institutional investigation, reflecting the gravity of the reasons for retraction, often rendering the study or significant portions thereof unsuitable for inclusion in the scientific literature. In rare cases involving false or inaccurate data posing significant health risks, the original erroneous version(s) may be removed, with a corrected version published and the reason for partial removal explicitly stated.